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2. Intersecting chords theorem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersecting_chords_theorem

   In Euclidean geometry, the intersecting chords theorem, or just the chord theorem, is a statement that describes a relation of the four line segments created by two intersecting chords within a circle.

3. Line-cylinder intersection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-cylinder_intersection

   A key intuition of this sort of intersection problem is to represent each shape as an equation which is true for all points on the shape. Solving them as a system of two simultaneous equations finds the points which belong to both shapes, which is the intersection. The equations below were solved using Maple.

4. Inscribed angle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscribed_angle

   Equivalently, an inscribed angle is defined by two chords of the circle sharing an endpoint. The inscribed angle theorem relates the measure of an inscribed angle to that of the central angle intercepting the same arc. The inscribed angle theorem appears as Proposition 20 in Book 3 of Euclid's Elements.

5. Tangent lines to circles - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_lines_to_circles

   The radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangent line through its endpoint on the circle's circumference. Conversely, the perpendicular to a radius through the same endpoint is a tangent line. The resulting geometrical figure of circle and tangent line has a reflection symmetry about the axis of the radius.

6. Interval (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, a real interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps". Each endpoint is either a real number or positive or negative infinity, indicating the interval extends without a bound. A real interval can contain neither endpoint, either endpoint, or both endpoints, excluding any endpoint which ...

7. Five-point stencil - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-point_stencil

   An illustration of the five-point stencil in one and two dimensions (top, and bottom, respectively). In numerical analysis, given a square grid in one or two dimensions, the five-point stencil of a point in the grid is a stencil made up of the point itself together with its four "neighbors".