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Spontaneous biliary enteric fistula (e.g. gallstone ileus) Infection by gas-forming organisms (e.g. emphysematous cholangitis) Congenital abnormalities; Other rare causes that have been reported include duodenal diverticulum, paraduodenal abscess, operative trauma, and carcinoma of the duodenum, stomach and bile duct. [1] [2]
Type IVb: Multiple dilatations involving only the extrahepatic bile ducts. Type V: Cystic dilatation of intrahepatic biliary ducts without extrahepatic duct disease. The presence of multiple saccular or cystic dilations of the intrahepatic ducts is known as Caroli's disease. [4] Type VI: An isolated cyst of the cystic duct is an extremely rare ...
Caroli disease (communicating cavernous ectasia, or congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by cystic dilatation (or ectasia) of the bile ducts within the liver. There are two patterns of Caroli disease: focal or simple Caroli disease consists of abnormally widened bile ducts ...
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. [2] Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain , yellowish skin , weight loss , generalized itching , and fever. [ 1 ]
Back pressure created from obstructive cholestasis can cause dilation of the bile duct and biliary epithelial cell proliferation, mainly in the portal tracts. [104] Portal tract edema may also occur as a result of bile retention, as well as periductular infiltration of neutrophils. [94]
Jaundice is commonly caused by conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which causes blockage of the bile duct passing through the cancerous portion of the pancreas; cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile ducts; blockage by a stone in patients with gallstones; and from scarring after injury to the bile duct during gallbladder removal.
The bile duct is some 6–8 cm long, and normally up to 8 mm in diameter. [4]Its proximal supraduodenal part is situated within the free edge of the lesser omentum.Its middle retroduodenal part is oriented inferiorly and right-ward, and is situated posterior to the first part of the duodenum, and anterior to the inferior vena cava.
Bile ducts: 2. Intrahepatic bile ducts 3. Left and right hepatic ducts 4. Common hepatic duct 5. Cystic duct 6. Common bile duct 7. Ampulla of Vater 8. Major duodenal papilla 9. Gallbladder 10–11. Right and left lobes of liver 12. Spleen 13. Esophagus 14. Stomach 15. Pancreas: 16.