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A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
Endoscopic findings may include a hiatal hernia, esophagitis, strictures, tumors, or masses. [2] Increased pressure at the LES over time may result in an epiphrenic diverticulum. [2] Further evaluation for mechanical causes of obstruction may include CT scans, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound. [2]
Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect foreign bodies.
About one third of the cases are associated with a hiatal hernia. Treatment is surgical. The classic triad (Borchardt's Triad) of gastric volvulus, described by Borchardt in 1904, consists of severe epigastric pain, retching (due to sour taste in mouth) without vomiting, and inability to pass a nasogastric tube. It reportedly occurs in 70% of ...
Computed tomographic (CT) gastrography, also called virtual gastroscopy (VG), is a noninvasive procedure for the detection of gastric abnormalities. Multiple X-rays are used to create a 3-Dimensional image of the organ, allowing abnormalities to be detected.
A CT scan image showing a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. CT Scan of 11 cm Wilms' tumor of right kidney in 13-month-old patient. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is an application of computed tomography (CT) and is a sensitive method for diagnosis of abdominal diseases. It is used frequently to determine stage of cancer and to ...
In one report 10% of 100 people investigated for iron deficiency anemia had a large hiatal hernia. [3] A 1967 review found that 20% of 1305 individuals having surgery for hiatal hernia were anemic. [4] Cameron in 1976 [5] compared 259 people with large hiatal hernias visible on chest x-ray with 259 controls without hernias. Present or past ...
There are two types of hiatal hernias. The two different types of hiatal hernias that are relevant to this surgery are rolling hiatal hernias and sliding hiatal hernias. A type II, rolling hiatal hernia, is when the gastric fundus is herniated, but the cardia portion of the stomach remains still. A type 1, or sliding hiatal hernia, is when the ...
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