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The crossguard was developed in the European sword around the 10th century for the protection of the wielder's hand. The earliest forms were the crossguard variant of the Spatha used by the Huns, the so-called Pontic swords. [citation needed] There are many examples of crossguards on Sasanian Persian Swords beginning from the early 3rd century ...
Liechtenauer's Zettel (recital) remains one of the most famous — if cryptic — pieces of European martial arts scholarship to this day, with several translations and interpretations of the poem being put into practice by fencers and scholars around the world. [3] [4] Longsword guards (1452 manuscript)
Early swords do not have true guards but simply a form of stop to prevent the hand slipping up the blade when thrusting, as they were invariably used in conjunction with a shield. From the 11th century, European sword guards took the form of a straight crossbar (later called "quillon") perpendicular to the blade.
In late medieval and Renaissance era European swords, a flap of leather called the chappe or rain guard was attached to a sword's crossguard at the base of the hilt to protect the mouth of the scabbard and prevent water from entering. [106]
Kron: "crown", the sword hilt is held out about head height with the point up. Kron is used at the bind and is usually a prelude to grappling. Langort: "long point", the sword point is extended straight out at the opponent. Many of the cuts pass through this transitional guard, and it is the natural ending of a thrust.
A Katzbalger (German: [ˈkat͡sbalɡɐ] ⓘ) is a short arming sword, used in early modern Europe notable for its sturdy build and a distinctive s-shaped or figure-8 shaped guard. Measuring 70–80 cm (28–31 in) long and weighing 0.8–1.5 kg (1.8–3.3 lb), it was the signature blade of the Landsknecht .
Oakeshott types. The Oakeshott typology is a way to define and catalogue the medieval sword based on physical form. It categorises the swords of the European Middle Ages (roughly 11th to 16th centuries [1]) into 13 main types, labelled X through XXII.
It resembled a mixture of all the features of the Czeczuga with a heavier and more durable hilt and blade of the short sword. Armenian karabela was the first example of a ceremonial sword used by the szlachta. It had both its blade and cross-guard curved, and had a short grip. It was engraved and decorated with precious stones and ivory.