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Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively.
Although redaction criticism (the possibility of the various gospels having different theological perspectives) has existed since Antiquity, three modern day scholars are regularly credited with this school's modern development: Gunther Bornkamm, Willi Marxsen and Hans Conzelmann [1] (see Bornkamm, Barth and Held, Tradition and Interpretation in Matthew, Marxsen, Mark the Evangelist ...
Biblical theology (inquiry into how divine revelation progressed over the course of the Bible). 2. Historical theology (study of how Christian theology develops over time): The Patristic Period (1st through 8th centuries) The Ante-Nicene Fathers (1st to 3rd centuries) The Nicene Fathers (4th century) The Post-Nicene Fathers (5th to 8th centuries)
Finally, the Protestant Church in Germany, as a composite denomination, has no single view on the Bible but writes that church "have the task of studying further these differences of doctrine" including "hermeneutical questions concerning the understanding of Scripture, confession of faith, and Church."
Christianity teach that all people are inherently sinful due to the fall of man and original sin; for example, Calvinist theology follows a doctrine called federal headship, which argues that the first man, Adam, was the legal representative of the entire human race. A counterargument to the basic version of this principle is that an omniscient ...
Historical criticism (also known as the historical-critical method (HCM) or higher criticism, [1] in contrast to lower criticism or textual criticism) [2] is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts to understand "the world behind the text" [3] and emphasizes a process that "delays any assessment of scripture's truth and relevance until after the act of ...
Historically and methodologically, AT is both a way of approaching theological works as well as a sociological or historical shift in academic theology.AT can be identified by its analytic method; [1] its focus on a wider range of theological topics than the philosophy of religion; and an engagement with the wider analytic philosophical or theological literature for concepts.
Modern Biblical criticism (as opposed to pre-Modern criticism) is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible without appealing to the supernatural. . During the eighteenth century, when it began as historical-biblical criticism, it was based on two distinguishing characteristics: (1) the scientific concern to avoid dogma and bias by applying a neutral, non-sectarian ...