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Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether in the arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity, including techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems, changes in the affective environment and so on.
Williams' taxonomy is a hierarchical arrangement of eight creative thinking skills conceived, developed, and researched by Frank E. Williams, a researcher in educational psychology. [1] The taxonomy forms the basis of a differentiated instruction curriculum model used particularly with gifted students and in gifted education settings.
Creativity requires the confluence of all components. High creativity will result when a person is intrinsically motivated, possesses both a high level of domain-relevant skills and has high skills in creative thinking, and is working in a highly creative environment.
The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, formerly the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking, is a test of creativity built on J. P. Guilford's work and created by Ellis Paul Torrance, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking originally involved simple tests of divergent thinking and other problem-solving skills, which were scored on four scales:
Divergent thinking is a thought process used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. It typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, "non-linear" manner, such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion.
The CPS method is a more explicit form of cultivating creativity and uses divergent and convergent thinking skills. [15] Students are asked to brainstorm, plan ahead, and find solutions. Instead of changing an entire curriculum to be creative focused, this method is a more obvious way to teach students how to critically approach assignments.
A thinking chimpanzee. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking): . Thought is the object of a mental process called thinking, in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world.
In the primary/secondary K–12 education sector, design thinking is used to enhance learning and promote creative thinking, teamwork, and student responsibility for learning. [ 36 ] [ 43 ] A design-based approach to teaching and learning has been developed more widely throughout education.
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