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Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly.
This stylised bird skeleton highlights the synsacrum Pelvis of a Gull; formed by the Synsacrum (fused vertebrae placed centrally) and the two innominate bones either side. The synsacrum is a skeletal structure of birds and other dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar ...
Pigeon skeleton. Number 8 indicates both left and right tarsometatarsus. The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is only found in the lower leg of birds and some non-avian dinosaurs. . It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsus (ankle bones) and metatarsal bones (foo
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The anatomy of bird legs and feet is diverse, encompassing many accommodations to perform a wide variety of functions. [ 1 ] Most birds are classified as digitigrade animals, meaning they walk on their toes rather than the entire foot.
Air sacs are spaces within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs (9–11), with their extinct dinosaurian relatives showing a great increase [clarification needed] in the pneumatization (presence of air) in their bones. [1]
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds.In fishes, it is also called the pterotic bone. [1]In most tetrapods, the squamosal and quadratojugal bones form the cheek series of the skull. [2]
This stylised bird skeleton highlights the uncinate processes The uncinate processes of the ribs are extensions of bone that project caudally from the vertical segment of each rib . (Uncinate means hooked from Latin uncinatus , from uncinus , barb, from uncus , hook.)