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We propose dropping the outmoded notion of author in favor of the more useful and realistic one of contributor. [1]: 152 In the 2000s, prestigious journals such as Nature began requiring authors to provide information about what their contributions were, [12] but there was no widely-used or machine-readable standard for this.
Although listing authors in order of the involvement in the project seems straightforward, it often leads to conflict. A study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that more than two-thirds of 919 corresponding authors disagreed with their coauthors regarding contributions of each author. [40]
In open access publishing, a journal article is made available free for all on the web by the publisher at the time of publication. Both open and closed journals are sometimes funded by the author paying an article processing charge, thereby shifting some fees from the
The papers introducing the ranking have been quoted extensively by authors working in Bibliometrics and Scientometrics.For example, reference [3] describing an update to the methodology of this index number is cited [12] from authors publishing in journals such as SAGE's Research on Social Work Practice, [10] Elsevier's Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, [13] Springer's Forensic Science ...
In many academic subjects, including the natural sciences, computer science and electrical engineering, the lead author of a research article is typically the person who carried out the research and wrote and edited the paper. The list of trailing co-authors reflects, typically, diminishing contributions to the work reported in the manuscript.
Author-level metrics are citation metrics that measure the bibliometric impact of individual authors, researchers, academics, and scholars. Many metrics have been developed that take into account varying numbers of factors (from only considering the total number of citations, to looking at their distribution across papers or journals using statistical or graph-theoretic principles).
The authors of scientific articles are active researchers instead of journalists; typically, a graduate student or a researcher writes a paper with a professor. As such, the authors are unpaid and receive no compensation from the journal. However, their funding bodies may require them to publish in scientific journals.
The authors generally present the material using a ground up approach that emphasizes fundamental principles of thermodynamics and kinetics. Importance. The publication is one of the most widely cited texts in environmental chemistry. In 1999, Stumm and Morgan received the Stockholm Water Prize for their contributions in the field.