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Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. [1]
Lava may be erupted at a volcano or through a fracture in the crust, on land or underwater, usually at temperatures from 800 to 1,200 °C (1,470 to 2,190 °F). The volcanic rock resulting from subsequent cooling is often also called lava .
Mid ocean ridges for example are the most active volcanic systems on Earth but roughly only 5% of their length has been studied in detail. [2] Initial knowledge of these eruptions came from volcanic rocks being recovered from the ocean floor when repairs were made to the Transatlantic telegraph cable in the 1800s. [3]
The eruption couldn't trigger a tsunami or earthquakes on land, but it would expel enormous amounts of lava into the ocean. In 2015, Axial spewed out 5.5 billion cubic feet of lava.
After a volcanic eruption, evaporation over ocean will lower, because it is largely determined by the ocean surface temperature change. The quick response of evaporation to the surface cooling and the delayed response of river runoff to the associated lower precipitation lead to an increased sea level.
Iceland fear the unknown as scientists predict “new eruption phase” - here is what we know so far
On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge , such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has ...
In 2015, a new island was formed as a result of a month-long eruption of a submarine volcano off the coast of Tonga. Of about 1,500 active volcanos in the world, 111 are in Japan, which sits on ...