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[1] [7] One survey of anesthesiologists who practice intravenous regional anesthesia found that 98% used adjuvant benzodiazepines and/or opioids, with benzodiazepines always being given systemically (to the whole body and brain), whereas opioids can be given either systemically or locally (only into the limb being anesthetized). Most providers ...
In 1908, Bier pioneered the use of intravenous regional anesthesia, [2] [3] a technique which is commonly referred to as a "Bier block". [4] This technique is frequently used for operations of brief duration upon the hand, wrist, and forearm. It can also be used for operations of brief duration upon the foot, ankle, and leg. [2] [3]
The axillary block is particularly useful in providing anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for surgery to the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The axillary block is also the safest of the four main approaches to the brachial plexus, as it does not risk paresis of the phrenic nerve, nor does it have the potential to cause pneumothorax. [12]
Esmarch bandage (also known as Esmarch's bandage for surgical haemostasis or Esmarch's tourniquet) in its modern form is a narrow (5 to 10 cm (2.0 to 3.9 in) wide) soft rubber bandage that is used to expel venous blood from a limb (exsanguinate) that has had its arterial supply cut off by a tourniquet. The limb is often elevated as the elastic ...
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The ALCO RSD-1 is a diesel-electric locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO). This model was a road switcher type rated at 1,000 horsepower (750 kW) and rode on three-axle trucks , having a C-C wheel arrangement.
3 701, 701A, 701B Carolina and Northwestern Railway: 1 11 Chicago and Northwestern Railway: 2 1613, 1624 RS-3s rebuilt by Alco in March 1960 as RS-11 with a 251-B engine but retained RS-3 high short hood. [4] Delaware and Hudson: 12 5000-5011 Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific: 15 3600-3614 Erie Mining: 15 300-314 Ferrocarril del Pacifico: 1 1501
A more significant change was the switch from the RS-1's ALCO 539T engine to the ALCO 244, adding horsepower to better handle heavy road service. [2] The new engine was a turbocharged four-stroke V12 diesel engine with a 9 in × 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (229 mm × 267 mm) bore and stroke developing 1,500 (later 1,600) hp at 1,000 rpm.