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Chymopapain (EC 3.4.22.6, chymopapain A, chymopapain B, chymopapain S, brand name Chymodiactin) is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya (Carica papaya).It is a cysteine protease which belongs to the papain-like protease (PLCP) group. [1]
Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer, with an incidence of fewer than 2 cases per 100,000 people per year in the United States. [7] It is particularly common in central and South America, central and eastern Europe, Japan and northern India; it is also common in certain ethnic groups e.g. Native American Indians and Hispanics. [8]
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).It is the namesake member of the papain-like protease family.
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. [2] Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain , yellowish skin , weight loss , generalized itching , and fever. [ 1 ]
This procedure is expensive; in the United States, it may cost over $200,000 annually. [10] The distribution of the therapeutic enzyme in the body (biodistribution) after these IV infusions is not uniform. [10] The enzyme in less available to certain areas in the body, like the bones, lungs, brain.
Cancers of the gallbladder are typically adenocarcinomas, and are common in elderly women. Gallbladder cancer is strongly associated with gallstones, a porcelain gallbladder appearance on ultrasound, and the presence of polyps within the gallbladder. Gallbladder cancer may manifest with weight loss, jaundice, and pain in the upper right of. It ...
Cholestasis can be suspected when there is an elevation of both 5'-nucleotidase and ALP enzymes. [78] With a few exceptions, the optimal test for cholestasis would be elevations of serum bile acid levels. [79] However, this is not normally available in most clinical settings necessitating the use of other biomarkers.
The first is how often and how well the gallbladder contracts; incomplete and infrequent emptying of the gallbladder may cause the bile to become overconcentrated and contribute to gallstone formation. This can be caused by high resistance to the flow of bile out of the gallbladder due to the complicated internal geometry of the cystic duct. [36]