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A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
Basilar skull fracture. A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear. [1]
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [5] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. In some cases there may be persistent post-surgical facial asymmetry, which can require further treatment. [6]
An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1] Most commonly this results in a herniation of orbital contents through the orbital fractures. [1] The proximity of maxillary and ethmoidal sinus ...
Cranioplasty is a surgical operation on the repairing of cranial defects caused by previous injuries or operations, such as decompressive craniectomy. It is performed by filling the defective area with a range of materials, usually a bone piece from the patient or a synthetic material. Cranioplasty is carried out by incision and reflection of ...
Clivus (anatomy) The clivus (/ ˈklaɪvəs /, [ 1 ] Latin for "slope") or Blumenbach clivus is a part of the occipital bone at the base of the skull. [ 2 ] It is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone. It slopes gradually to the anterior part of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone.
The middle cranial fossa is formed by the sphenoid bones, and the temporal bones. It lodges the temporal lobes, and the pituitary gland. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It is deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest.
Kernohan's notch. Kernohan's notch is a cerebral peduncle indentation associated with some forms of transtentorial herniation (uncal herniation). [1][2] It is a secondary condition caused by a primary injury on the opposite hemisphere of the brain. [3] Kernohan's notch is an ipsilateral condition, in that a left-sided primary lesion (in which ...