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Metallic bonding, which forms metallic solids; Weak inter molecular bonding, which forms molecular solids (sometimes anomalously called "covalent solids") Typical members of these classes have distinctive electron distributions, [2] thermodynamic, electronic, and mechanical properties. In particular, the binding energies of these interactions ...
Metallic bonding is mostly non-polar, because even in alloys there is little difference among the electronegativities of the atoms participating in the bonding interaction (and, in pure elemental metals, none at all). Thus, metallic bonding is an extremely delocalized communal form of covalent bonding.
A less often mentioned type of bonding is metallic bonding. In this type of bonding, each atom in a metal donates one or more electrons to a "sea" of electrons that reside between many metal atoms. In this sea, each electron is free (by virtue of its wave nature) to be associated with a great many atoms at once. The bond results because the ...
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Previously, this type of interaction was considered to be enhanced by relativistic effects.A major contributor is electron correlation of the closed-shell components, [2] which is unusual because closed-shell atoms generally have negligible interaction with one another at the distances observed for the metal atoms.
Diffusion bonding or diffusion welding is a solid-state welding technique used in metalworking, capable of joining similar and dissimilar metals. It operates on the principle of solid-state diffusion, wherein the atoms of two solid, metallic surfaces intersperse themselves over time.
An illustration of a metallic bond, made using MS Paint and converted to SVG format. This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape . Warning: it is better to use the Zn version, because in the metal copper the atom is really Cu + and not Cu 2+