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Ingredients of cosmetic products are listed following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). These INCI names often differ greatly from systematic chemical nomenclature or from more common trivial names. The below tables are sorted as follows:
In the U.S., under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, certain accurate information is a requirement to appear on labels of cosmetic products. [6] In Canada, the regulatory guideline is the Cosmetic Regulations. [7] Ingredient names must comply by law with EU requirements by using INCI names. [8]
Keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs, KAPs) and keratins are the major components of hair and nails. The content of KRTAPs in hair varies considerably between species, ranging from less than 3% in human hair to 30–40% in echidna quill .
There are two main sources for cosmetics safety: the EU Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 and the Canadian Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. [23] [24] Regulation in the United States by the FDA is particularly weak. [25] A new version of the EU's Cosmetics Directive was adopted by the European Parliament, 24 March 2009. [26]
Split ends, known formally as trichoptilosis, happen when the protective cuticle has been stripped away from the ends of hair fibers. This condition involves a longitudinal splitting of the hair fiber. Any chemical or physical trauma, such as heat, that weathers the hair may eventually lead to split ends. Typically, the damaged hair fiber ...
Calcium hydroxide is an active ingredient that chemically breaks down the hair for removal. [6] Some formulations also contain potassium thioglycolate, which breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair's keratin. [6] The products often include softening agents, such as mineral oil, to help offset the harsh active ingredients. [6]
A chemical depilatory is a cosmetic preparation used to remove hair from the skin. Common active ingredients are salts of thioglycolic acid and thiolactic acids. These compounds break the disulfide bonds in keratin and also hydrolyze the hair so that it is easily removed.
A 19th-century advertisement for hair care products. Hair conditioner is a hair care cosmetic product used to improve the feel, texture, appearance and manageability of hair. Its main purpose is to reduce friction between strands of hair to allow smoother brushing or combing, which might otherwise cause damage to the scalp. [1]
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