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[48] [49] In 2008 severe water shortages in Accra were reported due to power outages at two water treatment plants. [50] The management contract expired in June 2011 without being renewed after having achieved its objectives only partially.
A biotic index is a scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types and abundances of organisms present in a representative sample of the environment. It is often used to assess the quality of water in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
An IBI associates anthropogenic influences on a water body with biological activity in the water body, and is formulated using data developed from biosurveys. Biological integrity is associated with how "pristine" an environment is and its function relative to the potential or original state of an ecosystem before human alterations were imposed ...
Evaluation of Water Quality Using Biotic Index Values [3] Biotic Index Water Quality Degree of Organic Pollution 0.00 - 3.50 Excellent No apparent organic pollution 3.51 - 4.50 Very Good Possible slight organic pollution 4.51 - 5.50 Good Some organic pollution 5.51 - 6.50 Fair Fairly significant organic pollution 6.51 - 7.50 Fairly Poor
Water quality modeling helps people understand the eminence of water quality issues and models provide evidence for policy makers to make decisions in order to properly mitigate water. [1] Water quality modeling also helps determine correlations to constituent sources and water quality along with identifying information gaps. [2] Due to the ...
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
McFeeters index: If looking for water bodies or change in water level (e.g. flooding), then it is advisable to use the green and NIR spectral bands [18] or green and SWIR spectral bands. Modification of normalised difference water index (MNDWI) has been suggested for improved detection of open water by replacing NIR spectral band with SWIR. [19]
The Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA Ghana) is an agency of Ministry, established by EPA Act 490 (1994). [1] The agency is dedicated to improving, conserving and promoting the country's environment and striving for environmentally sustainable development with sound, efficient resource management, taking into account social and equity issues.