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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 February 2025. Cell division producing haploid gametes For the figure of speech, see Meiosis (figure of speech). For the process whereby cell nuclei divide to produce two copies of themselves, see Mitosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
Ndt80 is a meiosis-specific transcription factor required for successful completion of meiosis and spore formation. [17] The protein recognizes and binds to the middle sporulation element (MSE) 5'-C[AG]CAAA[AT]-3' in the promoter region of stage-specific genes that are required for progression through meiosis and sporulation.
The NCO/SDSA pathway contributes little to genetic variation, since the arms of the chromosomes flanking the recombination event remain in the parental configuration. Thus, explanations for the adaptive function of meiosis that focus exclusively on crossing-over are inadequate to explain the majority of recombination events.
The G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinase works together with S phase cyclin-dependent kinase targeting p27 for degradation. In turn, this allows for full activation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, a complex which phosphorylates E2F 1-3 initiating their disassociation from the DNA promoter sites. This allows E2F 6–8 to bind to the DNA and inhibit transcription ...
The pachytene stage (/ˈpækɪtiːn/ PAK-i-teen; from Greek words meaning "thick threads". [1]: 27 ), also known as pachynema, is the third stage of prophase I during meiosis, the specialized cell division that reduces chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes.
G 1 phase is the first of the four phases of the cell cycle, and is part of interphase. While in G 1 the cell synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps of interphase leading to mitosis. In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 18 hours, and the G 1 phase makes up about 1 / 3 of that time. [13]
A key event is the initiation of synapsis between homologous chromosomes, which carry the same genetic information but may have different allelic variations. The homologous chromosomes begin pairing and association along their lengths, facilitated by lateral (axial) elements of the synaptonemal complex protein structure that forms between the ...
Most of these events involve an exchange of equal amounts of genetic information, but unequal exchanges may occur due to sequence mismatch. These are referred to by a variety of names, including non-homologous crossover, unequal crossover, and unbalanced recombination, and result in an insertion or deletion of genetic information into the ...