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The 12-pounder was the heaviest cannon in the French field artillery; the others were the light Canon de 4 Gribeauval and the medium Canon de 8 Gribeauval. Superseding the previous Vallière system, the Gribeauval system was adopted in 1765 and its guns were first used during the American Revolutionary War .
The Gribeauval system (French: système Gribeauval) was an artillery system introduced by Lieutenant General Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval during the 18th century. This system revolutionized French cannons , with a new production system that allowed lighter, more uniform guns without sacrificing range.
The Canon lourd de 12 Gribeauval (Gribeauval heavy 12-pounder cannon) was a French cannon and part of the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. It was part of the siege artillery. [1] The canon lourd de 12 Gribeauval was used extensively during the wars following the French Revolution, as well as the Napoleonic wars.
The Mortier de 12 pouces used a cylindrical chamber, which, although quite efficient, used to wear easily. It was superseded by the Gomer system using a conical chamber, which was incorporated in Gribeauval's system in 1789. [2] Some of the Mortier de 12 pouces were used in coastal defenses, in which case they were fixed on solid metal platforms.
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Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist vakɛt də ɡʁiboval]; 15 September 1715 – 9 May 1789) was a French artillery officer and engineer who revolutionised the French cannon, creating a new production system that allowed for lighter, more uniform guns without sacrificing range.
12-pounder gun or 12-pdr, usually denotes a gun which fired a projectile of approximately 12 pounds. Guns of this type include: 12-pounder long gun, the naval muzzle-loader of the Age of Sail; Canon de 12 de Vallière, French cannon of 1732; Canon de 12 Gribeauval, French field cannon of the mid-late 18th century
The Gribeauval system included 4-, 8- and 12-pounder field pieces, the Obusier de 6 pouces Gribeauval (6-inch howitzer) and the 1-pounder light cannon, [1] though the 1-pounder was quickly abandoned. [3] The Canon de 4 Gribeauval was used extensively during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).