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To indicate what IP addresses should be permitted or denied in access control lists (ACLs). A wildcard mask can be thought of as an inverted subnet mask. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 2) inverts to a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255 (00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111 2).
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR / ˈ s aɪ d ər, ˈ s ɪ-/) is a method for allocating IP addresses for IP routing.The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous classful network addressing architecture on the Internet.
Addresses in the range 198.51.100.0 to 198.51.100.255 belong to this network, with 198.51.100.255 as the subnet broadcast address. The IPv6 address specification 2001:db8:: / 32 is a large address block with 2 96 addresses, having a 32-bit routing prefix.
In Internet networking, a private network is a computer network that uses a private address space of IP addresses. These addresses are commonly used for local area networks (LANs) in residential, office, and enterprise environments. Both the IPv4 and the IPv6 specifications define private IP address ranges. [1] [2]
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version 3 [22]: §4.2.14 No 224.0.0.102 Hot Standby Router Protocol version 2 (HSRPv2) / Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) No 224.0.0.107 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) version 2 peer delay measurement messaging No 224.0.0.251 Multicast DNS (mDNS) address No 224.0.0.252
IP addresses in dot-decimal notation are also presented in CIDR notation, in which the IP address is suffixed with a slash and a number, used to specify the length of the associated routing prefix. For example, 127.0.0.1/8 specifies that the IP address has an eight-bit routing prefix, and therefore the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 .
The field is 13 bits wide, so the offset value ranges from 0 to 8191 (from (2 0 – 1) to (2 13 – 1)). Therefore, it allows a maximum fragment offset of (2 13 – 1) × 8 = 65,528 bytes, with the header length included (65,528 + 20 = 65,548 bytes), supporting fragmentation of packets exceeding the maximum IP length of 65,535 bytes.
IPv4 includes an addressing system that uses numerical identifiers consisting of 32 bits. These addresses are typically displayed in dot-decimal notation as decimal values of four octets, each in the range 0 to 255, or 8 bits per number. Thus, IPv4 provides an addressing capability of 2 32 or approximately 4.3