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The TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale) is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was proposed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO) , a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom , as an extension of the Beaufort scale .
Tornado intensity is the measure of wind speeds and potential risk produced by a tornado. Intensity can be measured by in situ or remote sensing measurements, but since these are impractical for wide-scale use, intensity is usually inferred by proxies , such as damage.
The 1977 Birmingham–Smithfield F5 tornado's damage was surveyed by Ted Fujita and he "toyed with the idea of rating the Smithfield tornado an F6". [13] In 2001, tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis stated in his book F5–F6 Tornadoes; "In my opinion, if there ever was an F6 tornado caught on video, it was the Pampa, Texas tornado of 1995". [14]
Here are 10 different types of tornadoes that have been documented across North America. The smallest type of tornado can be short-lived, lasting just a few minutes, but that is not always the case.
The National Weather Service's arrow showing the EF scale. This includes a description word for each level of the scale. The Enhanced Fujita scale (abbreviated as EF-Scale) is a scale that rates tornado intensity based on the severity of the damage they cause.
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The Enhanced Fujita scale measures a tornado's intensity on a scale of 1 to 5 based on its wind speed estimates and resulting damages.
[10] 1896 Seneca–Oneida tornado: F5 2–2.5 miles (3.2–4.0 km) National Weather Service Wichita, Kansas The tornado averaged 1 mi (1.6 km) mile in width, but expanded significantly to between 2 mi (3.2 km) and 2.5 mi (4.0 km) as it approached Reserve, Kansas, where all but three buildings were damaged or destroyed. [11]