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Complete induction is most useful when several instances of the inductive hypothesis are required for each induction step. For example, complete induction can be used to show that = where is the n-th Fibonacci number, and = (+) (the golden ratio) and = are the roots of the polynomial.
where F n is the n th Fibonacci number. Such a sum is called the Zeckendorf representation of N. The Fibonacci coding of N can be derived from its Zeckendorf representation. For example, the Zeckendorf representation of 64 is 64 = 55 + 8 + 1. There are other ways of representing 64 as the sum of Fibonacci numbers 64 = 55 + 5 + 3 + 1 64 = 34 ...
A quick proof of Cassini's identity may be given (Knuth 1997, p. 81) by recognising the left side of the equation as a determinant of a 2×2 matrix of Fibonacci numbers. The result is almost immediate when the matrix is seen to be the n th power of a matrix with determinant −1:
A Fibonacci prime is a Fibonacci number that is prime. The first few are: [46] 2, 3, 5, 13, 89, 233, 1597, 28657, 514229, ... Fibonacci primes with thousands of digits have been found, but it is not known whether there are infinitely many. [47] F kn is divisible by F n, so, apart from F 4 = 3, any Fibonacci prime must have a prime index.
The hockey stick identity confirms, for example: for n=6, r=2: 1+3+6+10+15=35. In combinatorics , the hockey-stick identity , [ 1 ] Christmas stocking identity , [ 2 ] boomerang identity , Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem , [ 3 ] states that if n ≥ r ≥ 0 {\displaystyle n\geq r\geq 0} are integers, then
Proof by exhaustion, also known as proof by cases, proof by case analysis, complete induction or the brute force method, is a method of mathematical proof in which the statement to be proved is split into a finite number of cases or sets of equivalent cases, and where each type of case is checked to see if the proposition in question holds. [1]
For generalized Fibonacci sequences (satisfying the same recurrence relation, but with other initial values, e.g. the Lucas numbers) the number of occurrences of 0 per cycle is 0, 1, 2, or 4. The ratio of the Pisano period of n and the number of zeros modulo n in the cycle gives the rank of apparition or Fibonacci entry point of n.
By induction hypothesis, one has b ≥ F M+1 and r 0 ≥ F M. Therefore, a = q 0 b + r 0 ≥ b + r 0 ≥ F M+1 + F M = F M+2, which is the desired inequality. This proof, published by Gabriel Lamé in 1844, represents the beginning of computational complexity theory, [100] and also the first practical application of the Fibonacci numbers. [98]