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The ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle debated economic equality. Painting by Raffaello Sanzio (1509). According to professor of politics Ed Rooksby, the concept of equality of outcome is an important one in disputes between different political positions, since equality has overall been seen as positive and an important concept that is "deeply embedded in the fabric of modern ...
Equality before law means that the law applies to all peoples equally and without exceptions. For example, the freedom of speech should apply the same to all members of a society. Laws can sometimes be designed to help minimize unequal application. [ 7 ]
Thus, the Pareto norm suggests that principles of distributive justice should result in allocations in which it is no longer possible to make anyone better off without making anyone else worse off. [19] This illustrates a concern for the equality of welfare, which is an ex post conception of equality as it is concerned with the equality in ...
Luck egalitarianism is a view about egalitarianism [1]: 10 espoused by a variety of egalitarian and other political philosophers.According to this view, justice demands that variations in how well-off people are should be wholly determined by the responsible choices people make and not by differences in their unchosen circumstances.
The theory posits that inequalities in several spheres of society should not invade one another. [3] Walzer's definition of complex equality is: "In formal terms, complex equality means that no citizen's standing in one sphere or with regard to one social good can be undercut by his standing in some other sphere, with regard to some other good."
The effect suggests a link between social equality or concessions by the regime and unintended consequences, as social reforms can raise expectations that can't be matched. [5] According to the Tocqueville effect, a revolution is likely to occur after an improvement in social conditions, in contrast to Marx 's theory of revolution as a result ...
"Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical" is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. [1] In it he describes his conception of justice. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle.
Substantive equality has been criticized in the past for its vague definition and its tenuous ability to help combat discrimination for marginalized and disadvantaged individuals. [8] Scholars have argued that the meaning of substantive equality remains elusive, which makes it difficult to implement change due to the lack of consensus.