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In geometry, a triangle center or triangle centre is a point in the triangle's plane that is in some sense in the middle of the triangle. For example, the centroid , circumcenter , incenter and orthocenter were familiar to the ancient Greeks , and can be obtained by simple constructions .
The center of the incircle is a triangle center called the triangle's incenter. [1] An excircle or escribed circle [2] of the triangle is a circle lying outside the triangle, tangent to one of its sides and tangent to the extensions of the other two. Every triangle has three distinct excircles, each tangent to one of the triangle's sides. [3]
It is the first listed center, X(1), in Clark Kimberling's Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, and the identity element of the multiplicative group of triangle centers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For polygons with more than three sides, the incenter only exists for tangential polygons : those that have an incircle that is tangent to each side of the polygon.
Centroid of a triangle. In mathematics and physics, the centroid, also known as geometric center or center of figure, of a plane figure or solid figure is the arithmetic mean position of all the points in the surface of the figure. [further explanation needed] The same definition extends to any object in -dimensional Euclidean space. [1]
The circumcenter is the point of intersection between the three perpendicular bisectors of the triangle's sides, and is a triangle center. More generally, an n -sided polygon with all its vertices on the same circle, also called the circumscribed circle, is called a cyclic polygon , or in the special case n = 4 , a cyclic quadrilateral .
In mathematics, modern triangle geometry, or new triangle geometry, is the body of knowledge relating to the properties of a triangle discovered and developed roughly since the beginning of the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Triangles and their properties were the subject of investigation since at least the time of Euclid.
In geometry, the Euler line, named after Leonhard Euler (/ ˈ ɔɪ l ər / OY-lər), is a line determined from any triangle that is not equilateral.It is a central line of the triangle, and it passes through several important points determined from the triangle, including the orthocenter, the circumcenter, the centroid, the Exeter point and the center of the nine-point circle of the triangle.
The Euler lines of the four triangles formed by an orthocentric system (a set of four points such that each is the orthocenter of the triangle with vertices at the other three points) are concurrent at the nine-point center common to all of the triangles. [8]: p.111