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John Wesley (/ ˈ w ɛ s l i / WESS-lee; [1] 28 June [O.S. 17 June] 1703 – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism.
Sermon 133: The Death of Rev. Mr. John Fletcher - Psalm 37:37, written in London, 9 November 1785 [12] Sermon 134: True Christianity Defended - Isaiah 2:21 , dated 24 June 1721, probably intended for preaching before the University of Oxford.
Local preachers have been a characteristic of Methodism from its beginnings as a revival movement in 18th-century England. John Wesley tried to avoid a schism with the Church of England, and encouraged those who attended his revival meetings to attend their parish churches, but they also attended Methodist preaching services which were held elsewhere and met in "classes" (small cell groups).
John Wesley held that entire sanctification was "the grand depositum", or foundational doctrine, of the Methodist faith, and its propagation was the reason God brought Methodists into existence. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Scripture is considered the primary authority , but Methodists also look to Christian tradition , including the historic creeds .
The largest branch of Methodism in England was organised by John Wesley. In May 1738 he claimed to have experienced a profound discovery of God in his heart, a pivotal event that has come to be called his evangelical conversion. [19] From 1739, Wesley took to open-air preaching, and converted people to his movement. [20]
In 1860, B.T. Roberts and John Wesley Redfield founded the Free Methodist Church on the ideals of slavery abolition, egalitarianism, and second-blessing holiness. [52] In 1900, the Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Church was organized to minister to Native Americans , especially the Lumbee tribe. [ 54 ]
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Memorial to John Wesley and Charles Wesley in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. Wesleyan theology, otherwise known as Wesleyan–Arminian theology, or Methodist theology, is a theological tradition in Protestant Christianity based upon the ministry of the 18th-century evangelical reformer brothers John Wesley and Charles Wesley.