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For example, cats and dogs were kept by soldiers in the trenches to "help maintain hygiene" by culling the rodent population. [12] Terrier dogs were especially useful, more so than cats, as they were bred to kill vermin and for hunting purposes which was applied to eliminating rats in the trenches. [ 13 ]
Trench nephritis, also known as war nephritis, is a kidney infection, first recognised by medical officers as a new disease during the early part of the First World War and distinguished from the then-understood acute nephritis by also having bronchitis and frequent relapses. Trench nephritis was the major kidney problem of the war.
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
For the British Empire, the state of war ceased under the provisions of the Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act 1918 concerning: Germany on 10 January 1920. [220] Austria on 16 July 1920. [221] Bulgaria on 9 August 1920. [222] Hungary on 26 July 1921. [223] Turkey on 6 August 1924. [224]
Lack of field hygiene and sanitation were major contributors to non-combat casualties and deaths in pre-modern field armies, and these remained serious threats to soldier health in modern warfare during the First World War, on the Eastern Front during the Second World War, in the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Soviet–Afghan War.
Western Front; Part of the European theatre of World War I: Clockwise from top left: Men of the Royal Irish Rifles, concentrated in the trench, right before going over the top on the First day on the Somme; British soldier carries a wounded comrade from the battlefield on the first day of the Somme; A young German soldier during the Battle of Ginchy; American infantry storming a German bunker ...
Sapping is a term used in siege operations to describe the digging of a covered trench (a "sap" [1]) to approach a besieged place without danger from the enemy's fire. [2] The purpose of the sap is usually to advance a besieging army's position towards an attacked fortification.
During the evening of 22 April 1915, German pioneers released chlorine gas from cylinders placed in trenches at the Ypres Salient.The gas drifted into the positions of the French 87th Territorial and the 45th Algerian divisions, which occupied the north side of the salient and caused many of the troops to run back from the cloud.