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For example, cats and dogs were kept by soldiers in the trenches to "help maintain hygiene" by culling the rodent population. [12] Terrier dogs were especially useful, more so than cats, as they were bred to kill vermin and for hunting purposes which was applied to eliminating rats in the trenches. [ 13 ]
Various trench weapons used by British and Canadian soldiers in WWI on display at the Canadian War Museum French soldiers with a Sauterelle bomb-throwing crossbow, c. 1915. A specialised group of fighters called trench sweepers (Nettoyeurs de Tranchées or Zigouilleurs) evolved to fight within the trenches. They cleared surviving enemy ...
During the evening of 22 April 1915, German pioneers released chlorine gas from cylinders placed in trenches at the Ypres Salient.The gas drifted into the positions of the French 87th Territorial and the 45th Algerian divisions, which occupied the north side of the salient and caused many of the troops to run back from the cloud.
Western Front; Part of the European theatre of World War I: Clockwise from top left: Men of the Royal Irish Rifles, concentrated in the trench, right before going over the top on the First day on the Somme; British soldier carries a wounded comrade from the battlefield on the first day of the Somme; A young German soldier during the Battle of Ginchy; American infantry storming a German bunker ...
The most frequently used chemicals during World War I were tear-inducing irritants rather than fatal or disabling poison. During World War I, the French Army was the first to employ tear gas, using 26 mm grenades filled with ethyl bromoacetate in August 1914.
The German command opted to employ chemical warfare, using chlorine and bromine gases to flush out the Russian defenders and ensure an easy capture of the fortress. By late July 1915, 30 gas artillery batteries had been deployed to the German front lines, each equipped with several thousand gas shells.
Sapping is a term used in siege operations to describe the digging of a covered trench (a "sap" [1]) to approach a besieged place without danger from the enemy's fire. [2] The purpose of the sap is usually to advance a besieging army's position towards an attacked fortification.
Trench fever (also known as "five-day fever", "quintan fever" (Latin: febris quintana), and "urban trench fever" [1]) is a moderately serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana and transmitted by body lice.