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There was a short technical corrigendum (ISO 6709:2008/Cor 1:2009) released in 2009. [1] The third edition ISO 6709:2022 was published in 2022. [2] The second edition consists of a main part and eight annexes (Annexes A through H). The main part and Annexes A and C give encoding-independent general rules to define items to specify geographic ...
The project categorizes degree confluences as either primary or secondary. A confluence is primary only if it is on land or within sight of land. In addition, at latitudes greater than 48°, only some points are designated primary because confluences crowd together near the poles. [4] Both primary and secondary confluences may be visited and ...
The precision of the latitude part does not increase so much, more strictly however, a meridian arc length per 1 second depends on the latitude at the point in question. The discrepancy of 1 second meridian arc length between equator and pole is about 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in) because the earth is an oblate spheroid .
For example, the green arrows show that Donetsk (green circle) at 48°N has a Δ long of 74.63 km/° (1.244 km/min, 20.73 m/sec etc) and a Δ lat of 111.2 km/° (1.853 km/min, 30.89 m/sec etc). When the Earth is modelled by an ellipsoid this arc length becomes [ 41 ] [ 42 ]
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
A lat/long geotag derived from an Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference NM 435 355 found in the English-language Wikipedia would be tagged as "source:enwiki-osgb36(NM435355)" A latitude-longitude location sourced from data taken from the German-language Wikipedia would be tagged as "source:dewiki" – and so on, for other language codes;
By using narrow zones of 6° of longitude (up to 668 km) in width, and reducing the scale factor along the central meridian to 0.9996 (a reduction of 1:2500), the amount of distortion is held below 1 part in 1,000 inside each zone. Distortion of scale increases to 1.0010 at the zone boundaries along the equator.
For example, a Mercator map printed in a book might have an equatorial width of 13.4 cm corresponding to a globe radius of 2.13 cm and an RF of approximately 1 / 300M (M is used as an abbreviation for 1,000,000 in writing an RF) whereas Mercator's original 1569 map has a width of 198 cm corresponding to a globe radius of 31.5 cm and an ...