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In ordinary English (also natural language) "necessary" and "sufficient" indicate relations between conditions or states of affairs, not statements. For example, being a man is a necessary condition for being a brother, but it is not sufficient—while being a man sibling is a necessary and sufficient condition for being a brother.
The absence these conditions guarantees the outcome cannot occur, and no other condition can overcome the lack of this condition. Further, necessary conditions are not always sufficient. For example, AIDS necessitates HIV, but HIV does not always cause AIDS. In such instances, the condition demonstrates its necessity but lacks sufficiency.
But contingency is also not necessary, so a contingent statement is false in at least one possible world. α While contingent statements are false in at least one possible world, possible statements are not also defined this way. Since necessary statements are a kind of possible statement (e.g. 2=2 is possible and necessary), then to define ...
Tests of sufficiency in biology are used to determine if the presence of an element permits the biological phenomenon to occur. In other words, if sufficient conditions are met, the targeted event is able to take place. However, this does not mean that the absence of a sufficient biological element inhibits the biological event from occurring.
A social scoring function maps each candidate to a number representing their quality. For example, the standard social scoring function for first-preference plurality is the total number of voters who rank a candidate first. Every social ordering can be made into a choice function by considering only the highest-ranked outcome.
Necessary But Not Sufficient is a 2000 novel authored by Eliyahu Goldratt with co-authors Eli Schrangenheim and Carol A. Ptak. Necessary But Not Sufficient is written as a "business novel" and shows the fictional application of the theory of constraints to enterprise resource planning (ERP) and operations software and organizations using that software.
Thus, according to Williamson, justification, truth, and belief are necessary but not sufficient for knowledge. Williamson is also known for being one of the only philosophers who take knowledge to be a mental state; [65] most epistemologists assert that belief (as opposed to knowledge) is a mental state. As such, Williamson's claim has been ...
Necessary and sufficient condition, in logic, something that is a required condition for something else to be the case; Necessary proposition, in logic, a statement about facts that is either unassailably true (tautology) or obviously false (contradiction) Metaphysical necessity, in philosophy, a truth which is true in all possible worlds