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  2. International Phonetic Alphabet chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    Nasal palatal approximant [j̃] Nasal labial–velar approximant [w̃] Voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃] Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop [t̪ʙ̥] Voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆] Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive [ʡ̟] Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive [ʡ̟̬] Bilabial percussive [ʬ] Bidental percussive [ʭ]

  3. Nasal consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_consonant

    When a language is claimed to lack nasals altogether, as with several Niger–Congo languages [note 1] or the Pirahã language of the Amazon, nasal and non-nasal or prenasalized consonants usually alternate allophonically, and it is a theoretical claim on the part of the individual linguist that the nasal is not the basic form of the consonant ...

  4. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    A few letters that did not indicate specific sounds have been retired – ˇ , once used for the "compound" tone of Swedish and Norwegian, and ƞ , once used for the moraic nasal of Japanese – though one remains: ɧ , used for the sj-sound of Swedish. When the IPA is used for broad phonetic or for phonemic transcription, the letter–sound ...

  5. Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard...

    While the IPA does not itself have a set of capital letters (the ones that look like capitals are actually small capitals), many languages have adopted symbols from the IPA as part of their orthographies, and in such cases they have invented capital variants of these. This is especially common in Africa.

  6. Tone (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)

    Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. [1] All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously ...

  7. Nasal release - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_release

    In phonetics, a nasal release is the release of a stop consonant into a nasal. Such sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with superscript nasal letters, for example as [tⁿ] in English catnip [ˈkætⁿnɪp] .

  8. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  9. Nasal vowel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_vowel

    Nasalization in Arabic-based scripts of languages such as Urdu, as well as Punjabi and Saraiki, commonly spoken in Pakistan, and by extension India, is indicated by employing the nasal vowel, a dotless form of the Arabic letter nūn (ن) or the letter marked with the maghnūna diacritic: respectively ں, always occurring word finally, or ن٘ ...