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Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans. The disease usually occurs in patients in immunocompromised states, including post-chemotherapy and in AIDS. However, it can also occur in patients with no predisposing risk factors, and is more likely to be asymptomatic in those patients. [1]
Nystatin, sold under the brand name Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication. [1] It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. [1]
Esophageal candidiasis is an infection of the yeast Candida albicans that may occur when a person is immunocompromised. As of 2021 the causes of some forms of esophagitis, such as eosinophilic esophagitis, are not well-characterized, but may include Th2-mediated atopies or genetic factors.
Recent molecular phylogenetic studies show that the genus Candida, as currently defined, is extremely polyphyletic (encompassing distantly-related species that do not form a natural group). [15] Before the advent of inexpensive molecular methods, yeasts that were isolated from infected patients were often called Candida without clear evidence ...
Esophageal achalasia; Esophageal candidiasis; Esophageal disease; Esophageal food bolus obstruction; Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis; Esophageal motility disorder; Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction; Esophageal rupture; Esophageal stricture; Esophageal varices; Esophageal web; Esophagitis
(This is the interim African Region version for persons aged 15 years or more who have had a positive HIV antibody test or other laboratory evidence of HIV infection) (The United Nations defines adolescents as persons aged 10−19 years but for surveillance purposes, the category of adults and adolescents comprises people aged 15 years and over)
For reflux esophagitis, a fundooplication can be done to help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter from allowing backflow of the stomach into the esophagus. For esophageal stricture, a gastroenterologist can perform a dilation of the esophagus. As of 2020 evidence for magnetic sphincter augmentation is poor. [11]
Treatment is generally performed using antifungal medicines, usually in the form of a cream or by mouth or injection, depending on the specific infection and its extent. [15] Some require surgically cutting out infected tissue. [3] Fungal infections have a world-wide distribution and are common, affecting more than one billion people every year ...