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The knife-edge effect or knife-edge diffraction is a truncation of a portion of the incident radiation that strikes a sharp well-defined obstacle, such as a mountain range or the wall of a building. The knife-edge effect is explained by the Huygens–Fresnel principle , which states that a well-defined obstruction to an electromagnetic wave ...
If the distance to each source is an integer plus one half of a wavelength, there will be complete destructive interference. Usually, it is sufficient to determine these minima and maxima to explain the observed diffraction effects. The simplest descriptions of diffraction are those in which the situation can be reduced to a two-dimensional ...
Example of far field (Fraunhofer) diffraction for a few aperture shapes. When a beam of light is partly blocked by an obstacle, some of the light is scattered around the object, light and dark bands are often seen at the edge of the shadow – this effect is known as diffraction. [4]
A very large reflecting diffraction grating An incandescent light bulb viewed through a diffractive effects filter. Diffraction grating. In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical grating with a periodic structure that diffracts light, or another type of electromagnetic radiation, into several beams traveling in different directions (i.e., different diffraction angles).
In a digital camera, diffraction effects interact with the effects of the regular pixel grid. The combined effect of the different parts of an optical system is determined by the convolution of the point spread functions (PSF). The point spread function of a diffraction limited circular-aperture lens is simply the Airy disk. The point spread ...
The Talbot effect is a diffraction effect first observed in 1836 by Henry Fox Talbot. [1] When a plane wave is incident upon a periodic diffraction grating, the image of the grating is repeated at regular distances away from the grating plane. The regular distance is called the Talbot length, and the repeated images are called self images or ...
Same double-slit assembly (0.7 mm between slits); in top image, one slit is closed. In the single-slit image, a diffraction pattern (the faint spots on either side of the main band) forms due to the nonzero width of the slit. This diffraction pattern is also seen in the double-slit image, but with many smaller interference fringes.
Close to an aperture or atoms, often called the "sample", the electron wave would be described in terms of near field or Fresnel diffraction. [12]: Chpt 7-8 This has relevance for imaging within electron microscopes, [1]: Chpt 3 [2]: Chpt 3-4 whereas electron diffraction patterns are measured far from the sample, which is described as far-field or Fraunhofer diffraction. [12]:
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