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Reinforcement is a process of speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation (further divided to pre-zygotic isolation and post-zygotic isolation) between two populations of species.
The Z1 was a motor-driven mechanical computer designed by German inventor Konrad Zuse from 1936 to 1937, which he built in his parents' home from 1936 to 1938. [1] [2] It was a binary, electrically driven, mechanical calculator, with limited programmability, reading instructions from punched celluloid film.
Many organisms, including aspen trees, reproduce by cloning, often creating large groups of organisms with the same DNA.One example depicted here is quaking aspen.. Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means.
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. [1] [2] All living organisms are made of cells.
Progenitor cells have become a hub for research on a few different fronts. Current research on progenitor cells focuses on two different applications: regenerative medicine and cancer biology.
The Z3 was a German electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. [3]
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function.
Cognitive computing refers to technology platforms that, broadly speaking, are based on the scientific disciplines of artificial intelligence and signal processing.These platforms encompass machine learning, reasoning, natural language processing, speech recognition and vision (object recognition), human–computer interaction, dialog and narrative generation, among other technologies.