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In computing, a keyboard controller is a device that interfaces a keyboard to a computer. Its main function is to inform the computer when a key is pressed or released. When data from the keyboard arrives, the controller raises an interrupt (a keyboard interrupt ) to allow the CPU to handle the input.
In modern times, this is not included as a separate chip in an x86 PC, but rather as part of the motherboard's southbridge chipset. [2] In other cases, it has been replaced by the newer Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers which support more interrupt outputs and more flexible priority schemas.
Phrases used by the tech savvy to mean that a problem is caused entirely by the fault of the user include PEBKAC [8] (an acronym for "problem exists between keyboard and chair"), PEBCAK [9] (an alternative, but similar, acronym for "problem exists between chair and keyboard"), POBCAK (a US government/military acronym for "problem occurs between ...
To communicate with the main computer system, several forms of communication can be used, including ACPI, SMBus, or shared memory. The embedded controller has its own RAM, independent of that used by the main computer system, and often its own flash ROM on which the controller's software is stored. Many BIOS updates also include upgrades for ...
This optional but default feature is new with 2.6.18. When enabled on a computer with an APIC timer, the kernel does not use the 8253 programmable interval timer for timekeeping. [12] A VMware document notes that "software does not have a reliable way to determine its frequency. Generally, the only way to determine the local APIC timer’s ...
It draws 1 unit load for the hub controller and 1 unit load for each of at most 4 ports. The hub may also have some non-removable functions in place of ports. A self-powered hub is a device that provides high-power ports by supplementing the power supply from the host with its own external supply.
Standby power consumption of some computers can be reduced by turning off components that use power in standby mode. For instance, disabling Wake-on-LAN (WoL), [32] "wake on modem", "wake on keyboard" or "wake on USB" may reduce power when in standby. Unused features may be disabled in the computer's BIOS setup to save power.
The 8259A was the interrupt controller for the ISA bus in the original IBM PC and IBM PC AT. The 8259 was introduced as part of Intel's MCS 85 family in 1976. The 8259A was included in the original PC introduced in 1981 and maintained by the PC/XT when introduced in 1983. A second 8259A was added with the introduction of the PC/AT.