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An endothermic process is a chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its surroundings. [1] In terms of thermodynamics and thermochemistry, it is a thermodynamic process with an increase in the enthalpy H (or internal energy U) of the system. [2] In an endothermic process, the heat that a system absorbs is thermal energy transfer into ...
Processes in the thermal degradation of organic matter at atmospheric pressure. Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition of a substance caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes. The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is required to ...
Fermentation is a type of redox metabolism carried out in the absence of oxygen. [1][2] During fermentation, organic molecules (e.g., glucose) are catabolized and donate electrons to other organic molecules. In the process, ATP and organic end products (e.g., lactate) are formed.
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process.
Thermochemistry. Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions and/or phase changes such as melting and boiling. A reaction may release or absorb energy, and a phase change may do the same. Thermochemistry focuses on the energy exchange between a system and its surroundings in the form of heat.
Caramelization is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting rich, butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C 24 H 36 O 18), caramelens (C 36 H 50 O 25), and caramelins (C 125 H 188 O 80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as ...
Organic reactions can be categorized based on the type of functional group involved in the reaction as a reactant and the functional group that is formed as a result of this reaction. For example, in the Fries rearrangement the reactant is an ester and the reaction product an alcohol .
The molecule leaves the surface. Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H 2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds.