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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as TNF-α, is a chemical messenger produced by the immune system that induces inflammation. [5] TNF is produced primarily by activated macrophages, and induces inflammation by binding to its receptors on other cells. [6]
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers. Members of this superfamily can be released from the cell membrane by extracellular proteolytic cleavage and function as a cytokine .
In humans, there are 29 known family members of the TNF receptor superfamily. [6] [7] Historically, the family members have been numerically classified as TNFRSF#, where # denotes the member number, sometimes followed a letter. [2] Some newer additions to the TNF family remain unnumbered, however, such as the TNF receptor superfamily member ...
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury. TNF-α is a well known proinflammatory cytokine present in neurons and the glia.
Lymphotoxin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, whose members are responsible for regulating the growth and function of lymphocytes and are expressed by a wide variety of cells in the body.
BAFF is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B/TACI, TNFRSF17/BCMA, and TNFRSF13C/BAFF-R. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and ...
8740 50930 Ensembl ENSG00000125735 ENSMUSG00000005824 UniProt O43557 Q9QYH9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003807 NM_172014 NM_001376887 NM_019418 RefSeq (protein) NP_003798 NP_742011 NP_001363816 NP_062291 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 6.66 – 6.67 Mb Chr 17: 57.5 – 57.5 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse LIGHT, also known as tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), is a ...
Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family.It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor.