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  2. Modulo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo

    For example, to test if an integer is odd, one might be inclined to test if the remainder by 2 is equal to 1: bool is_odd ( int n ) { return n % 2 == 1 ; } But in a language where modulo has the sign of the dividend, that is incorrect, because when n (the dividend) is negative and odd, n mod 2 returns −1, and the function returns false.

  3. D-value (microbiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-value_(microbiology)

    The half life is actually roughly 30% (log 10 2 ≈ 30.103%) of the D-value, so if D = 10 minutes, the number of living microorganisms will be halved in about 3 minutes. Generally, each lot of a sterilization-resistant organism will have its own specific D-value. Determining a D-value requires an experiment, but only gives the D-value under the ...

  4. Restriction enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme

    A DNA fragment resulting from the cutting of a DNA strand by a restriction enzyme. v. t. e. A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Restriction enzymes are one class of ...

  5. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...

  6. Immunoglobulin heavy chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_heavy_chain

    The two heavy chains are colored red and blue and the two light chains green and yellow. [ 1] The immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH) is the large polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). In human genome, the IgH gene loci are on chromosome 14. A typical antibody is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains and two Ig light chains.

  7. Multiplicative group of integers modulo n - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_group_of...

    The set {3,19} generates the group, which means that every element of (/) is of the form 3 a × 19 b (where a is 0, 1, 2, or 3, because the element 3 has order 4, and similarly b is 0 or 1, because the element 19 has order 2). Smallest primitive root mod n are (0 if no root exists)

  8. Automated analyser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_analyser

    Automated analyser. An automated analyser is a medical laboratory instrument designed to measure various substances and other characteristics in a number of biological samples quickly, with minimal human assistance. These measured properties of blood and other fluids may be useful in the diagnosis of disease. Roche Cobas 6000.

  9. Insertion sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sequence

    Insertion element (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element.Insertion sequences have two major characteristics: they are small relative to other transposable elements (generally around 700 to 2500 bp in length) and only code for proteins implicated in the transposition activity (they are thus ...