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Cross-flow turbine: Also known as Banki-Mitchell or Ossberger turbines, these devices are used for a large range of hydraulic heads (from 2 to 100 meters) and flow rates (from 0.03 to 20 m 3 /s), but are more efficient for low heads and low power outputs. They are considered "impulse" turbines, since they get energy from water by reducing its ...
This list of waterfalls by flow rate includes all waterfalls which are known to have an average flow rate or discharge of at least 150 cubic metres per second (5,300 cu ft/s). The waterfalls in this list are those for which there is verifiable information, and the list should not be assumed to be a complete list of waterfalls which would ...
The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The estimated global total for all rivers is 1.2 × 10 6 m 3 /s (43 million cu ft/s), [ 1 ] of which the Amazon would be approximately 18%.
In hydrology, a rating curve is a graph of discharge versus stage for a given point on a stream, usually at gauging stations, where the stream discharge is measured across the stream channel with a flow meter. [1] Numerous measurements of stream discharge are made over a range of stream stages.
˙ is the volumetric flow rate (in m 3 /s) ˙ is the mass flow rate (in kg/s) (Delta h) is the change in height (in meters) is acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s 2) Efficiency is often higher (that is, closer to 1) with larger and more modern turbines.
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m 3 /h or ft 3 /h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m 2 or ft 2). [1] It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO
A hydropower resource can be evaluated by its available power. Power is a function of the hydraulic head and volumetric flow rate. The head is the energy per unit weight (or unit mass) of water. [5] The static head is proportional to the difference in height through which the water falls. Dynamic head is related to the velocity of moving water.
US hydropower generated 1949-2008 (blue), and hydropower as percent of total US electricity (red). Hydroelectric power generation in the United States. The earliest hydroelectric power generation in the U.S. was utilized for lighting and employed the better understood direct current (DC) system to provide the electrical flow.