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The term perchlorate can also describe perchlorate esters or covalent perchlorates. [2] These are organic compounds that are alkyl or aryl esters of perchloric acid. They are characterized by a covalent bond between an oxygen atom of the ClO 4 moiety and an organyl group. In most ionic perchlorates, the cation is non-coordinating.
Sodium perchlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na Cl O 4. It consists of sodium cations Na + and perchlorate anions ClO − 4 . It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and ethanol .
These solids consist of the perchlorate anion linked via hydrogen bonds to H 2 O and H 3 O + centers. [9] An example is hydronium perchlorate. Perchloric acid forms an azeotrope with water, consisting of about 72.5% perchloric acid. This form of the acid is stable indefinitely and is commercially available. Such solutions are hygroscopic. Thus ...
The covalent bond to aluminium distorts the perchlorate and renders it unstable. [ 1 ] Related chemicals are the haloperchloroatoaluminates, where there is one perchloro group attached to aluminium, and three halogens such as chlorine (chloroperchloroatoaluminates) or bromine (bromoperchloroatoaluminates).
Anhydrous perchlorate complexes are susceptible to hydrolysis: Cu(ClO 4) 2 + 6 H 2 O → [Cu(H 2 O) 6](ClO 4) 2. Upon heating, perchlorate complexes yield oxides, evolving chlorine oxides in the process. For example, thermolysis of titanium perchlorate gives TiO 2, ClO 2, and O 2 The titanyl species TiO(ClO 4) 2 is an intermediate in this ...
The barium ions are coordinated by six water oxygen atoms at 2.919Å and six perchlorate oxygens at 3.026Å in a distorted icosahedral arrangement. The perchlorate fails by a narrow margin to have regular tetrahedral geometry, and has an average Cl-O bond length of 1.433Å.
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride.This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).
Methyl perchlorate is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C H 3 Cl O 4. Its molecular structure is a methyl group covalently bonded by a single bond to a perchlorate group, CH 3 −O−Cl(=O) 3, in which chlorine has an oxidation state of +7. Like many other perchlorates, it is a high energy material.