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A perchlorate is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, ClO − 4, the conjugate base of perchloric acid (ionic perchlorate). As counterions, there can be metal cations, quaternary ammonium cations or other ions, for example, nitronium cation (NO + 2). The term perchlorate can also describe perchlorate esters or covalent ...
Other oxyanions of chlorine can be named "chlorate" followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses denoting the oxidation state of chlorine: e.g., the ClO − 4 ion commonly called perchlorate can also be called chlorate(VII). As predicted by valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, chlorate anions have trigonal pyramidal structures.
Chlorine perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Cl 2 O 4. This chlorine oxide is an asymmetric oxide, with one chlorine atom in +1 oxidation state and the other +7, with proper formula ClOClO 3. It is produced by the photodimerization of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) at room temperature by 436 nm ultraviolet light: [2] [3] [4] 2ClO 2 ...
The preparation of perchlorate complexes can be challenging because perchlorate is a weakly coordinating anion. Chlorine trioxide is an important precursor to anhydrous perchlorate complexes. It serves as a source of ClO + 2 and ClO − 4. It reacts with vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5) to give VO 2 (ClO 4) and VO(ClO 4) 3.
* The perchlorate ion ClO − 4 is monovalent, in other words, it has valence 1. ** Valences may also be different from absolute values of oxidation states due to different polarity of bonds. For example, in dichloromethane, CH 2 Cl 2, carbon has valence 4 but oxidation state 0.
Charge number or valence [1] of an ion is the coefficient that, when multiplied by the elementary charge, gives the ion's charge. [2] For example, the charge on a chloride ion, , is , where e is the elementary charge.
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For example, chlorine(V) has two valence electrons so it can accommodate three electron pairs from bonds with oxide ions. The charge on the ion is +5 − 3 × 2 = −1, and so the formula is ClO − 3. The structure of the ion is predicted by VSEPR theory to be pyramidal