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The history of the Catholic Church is the formation, events, and historical development of the Catholic Church through time.. According to the tradition of the Catholic Church, it started from the day of Pentecost at the upper room of Jerusalem; [1] the Catholic tradition considers that the Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by the Disciples of Jesus.
Byzantine image depicting Jesus as Christ pantocrator. 4 BC: Nativity of Jesus.According to the Gospel of Luke, his birth occurred in the town of Bethlehem during the reigns of King Herod the Great of Judaea and the Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was the son of the Virgin Mary, who conceived him by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 25:35–46 of the Gospel of Matthew underpins the Catholic belief that a day will also come when Jesus will sit in a universal judgment of all humankind. [129] [130] The final judgment will bring an end to human history. It will also mark the beginning of a new heaven and earth in which righteousness dwells and God will reign forever. [131]
Concerning the doctrine on creation, Ludwig Ott in his Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma identifies the following points as essential beliefs of the Catholic faith ("De Fide"): [74] All that exists outside God was, in its whole substance, produced out of nothing by God. God was moved by His Goodness to create the world.
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 9 ] It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization .
Before creation, God predestined Jesus [1] and his whole life, [2] the Virgin Mary his mother, [3] the church, [4] each person to enjoy the beatific vision, [5] the universal destination of goods, [6] and all of creation to be renewed. [7] God did not predestine man to die, [8] and "predestines no one to go to hell." [9]
His followers believed God's spirit was incarnated (embodied) in Jesus and that after his crucifixion, he rose from the dead. [2] [13] The Christian church established incarnation and resurrection as its first doctrines, [14] with baptism and the celebration of the Eucharist meal (Jesus's Last Supper) as its two primary rites and rituals. [15] [16]
The Catholic Church allows for a variety of interpretations, as long as the doctrines of creation ex nihilo, human monogenism, original sin, and the Imago Dei are maintained. Genesis 2 records a second account of creation. Chapter 3 introduces a talking serpent, which many Christians believe is Satan in disguise.