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  2. Amethyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

    Amethyst. Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω ( Ancient Greek) methysko / μεθώ metho ( Modern Greek ), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. [ 1]

  3. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

    A mixture of other minerals, often including pyrite. Lapis lazuli ( UK: / ˌlæpɪs ˈlæz ( j) ʊli, ˈlæʒʊ -, - ˌli /; US: / ˈlæz ( j) əli, ˈlæʒə -, - ˌli / ), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.

  4. Nephrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrite

    Nephrite is a variety of the calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole minerals tremolite or actinolite ( aggregates of which also make up one form of asbestos ). The chemical formula for nephrite is Ca 2 ( Mg, Fe) 5 Si 8 O 22 (O H) 2. [1] It is one of two different mineral species called jade. The other mineral species known as jade is ...

  5. Chrysoberyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoberyl

    The mineral or gemstonechrysoberylis an aluminateof berylliumwith the formula BeAl2O4. [5][6]The name chrysoberyl is derived from the Greekwords χρυσός chrysosand βήρυλλος beryllos, meaning "a gold-white spar". Despite the similarity of their names, chrysoberyl and berylare two completely different gemstones, although they both ...

  6. Hematite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite

    The English name of the stone is derived from Middle French hématite pierre, which was taken from Latin lapis haematites c. the 15th century, which originated from Ancient Greek αἱματίτης λίθος (haimatitēs lithos, "blood-red stone"). Ochre is a clay that is colored by varying amounts of hematite, varying between 20% and 70%. [8]

  7. Epidote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidote

    Epidote is an abundant rock-forming mineral, but one of secondary origin. It occurs in marble and schistose rocks of metamorphic origin. It is also a product of hydrothermal alteration of various minerals ( feldspars, micas, pyroxenes, amphiboles, garnets, and others) composing igneous rocks. A rock composed of quartz and epidote is known as ...

  8. Lepidolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidolite

    Lepidolite is a phyllosilicate mineral [ 5] and a member of the polylithionite-trilithionite series. [ 6] Lepidolite is part of a three-part series consisting of polylithionite, lepidolite, and trilithionite. All three minerals share similar properties and are caused because of varying ratios of lithium and aluminum in their chemical formulas.

  9. Beryl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl

    Beryl is a common mineral, and it is widely distributed in nature. It is found most commonly in granitic pegmatites, but also occurs in mica schists, such as those of the Ural Mountains, and in limestone in Colombia. [ 11] It is less common in ordinary granite and is only infrequently found in nepheline syenite.