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Deadweight loss. In economics, deadweight loss is the loss of societal economic welfare due to production/consumption of a good at a quantity where marginal benefit (to society) does not equal marginal cost (to society) – in other words, there are either goods being produced despite the cost of doing so being larger than the benefit, or ...
The value of life is an economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality. [ 1] It is also referred to as the cost of life, value of preventing a fatality ( VPF ), implied cost of averting a fatality ( ICAF ), and value of a statistical life ( VSL ). In social and political sciences, it is the marginal cost of death prevention ...
Pure economic loss. Economic loss is a term of art [ 1] which refers to financial loss and damage suffered by a person which is seen only on a balance sheet and not as physical injury to person or property. There is a fundamental distinction between pure economic loss and consequential economic loss, as pure economic loss occurs independent of ...
Economic loss generally refers to financial detriment that can be seen on a balance sheet but not physically. Economic loss is then divided into "consequential economic loss" - that which arises directly from some physical damage or injury (e.g. loss of earnings from having your arm cut off) and "pure economic loss", which is everything else ...
The economic calculation problem (sometimes abbreviated ECP) is a criticism of using central economic planning as a substitute for market-based allocation of the factors of production. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in his 1920 article " Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth " and later expanded upon by Friedrich Hayek .
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall ), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus, or consumers' surplus, is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...
Economic analysis of climate change. Estimated median income loss or gain per person by 2050 due to climate change, compared to a scenario with no climate impacts (red colour indicates a loss, blue colour a gain). [ 1] An economic analysis of climate change uses economic tools and models to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damages ...
Capitalism. In economics, profit is the difference between revenue that an economic entity has received from its outputs and total costs of its inputs, also known as surplus value. [ 1] It is equal to total revenue minus total cost, including both explicit and implicit costs. [ 2]