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Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
Oral rehydration therapy. An oral rehydration solution (250ml) prepared according to WHO formula. Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. [ 1] It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. [ 1]
The Parkland formula is mathematically expressed as: [ 4] where mass (m) is in kilograms (kg), area (A) as a percentage of total body surface area, and volume (V) is in milliliters (mL). For example, a person weighing 75 kg with burns to 20% of his or her body surface area would require 4 x 75 x 20 = 6,000 mL of fluid replacement within 24 ...
Ringer's lactate solution ( RL ), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's, and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. [ 1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. [ 2]
Continuum mechanics. Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. [ 1] Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics.
Gassmann's equation. Gassmann's equations are a set of two equations describing the isotropic elastic constants of an ensemble consisting of an isotropic, homogeneous porous medium with a fully connected pore space, saturated by a compressible fluid at pressure equilibrium. First published in German [1] by Fritz Gassmann, the original work was ...
The Holliday-Segar formula is a formula to help approximate water and caloric loss (and therefore the water requirements) using a patient's body weight. [ 1] Primarily aimed at pediatric patients, the Holliday-Segar formula is the most commonly used estimate of daily caloric requirements. [ 2] To date, the formula continues to be recommended in ...
Dehydration can occur as a result of diarrhea, vomiting, water scarcity, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Management of dehydration (or rehydration) seeks to reverse dehydration by replenishing the lost water and electrolytes. Water and electrolytes can be given through a number of routes, including oral, intravenous, and rectal.