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The Airbus A320 family was the first airliner to feature a full glass cockpit and digital fly-by-wire flight control system. The only analogue instruments were the radio magnetic indicator, brake pressure indicator, standby altimeter and artificial horizon, the latter two being replaced by a digital integrated standby instrument system in later production models.
The most well-known is the system of normal, alternate, direct laws and mechanical alternate control laws of the Airbus A320-A380. [3] The other is Boeing's fly-by-wire system, used in the Boeing 777, Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Boeing 747-8. [4] [6]
AFDX was developed by Airbus Industries for the A380, [3] [4] initially to address real-time issues for flight-by-wire system development. [5] Multiple switches can be bridged together in a cascaded star topology. This type of network can significantly reduce wire runs, thus the weight of the aircraft.
A fly-by-wire (FBW) system replaces manual flight control of an aircraft with an electronic interface. The movements of flight controls are converted to electronic signals transmitted by wires (hence the term fly-by-wire), and flight control computers determine how to move the actuators at each control surface to provide the expected response ...
The A380 is offered with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 (A380-841/-842) or the Engine Alliance GP7000 (A380-861) turbofan engines. [153] The Trent 900 is a combination of the 3 m (118 in) fan and scaled IP compressor of the 777-200X/300X Trent 8104 technology demonstrator derived from the Boeing 777's Trent 800 , and the Airbus A340-500/600's Trent ...
British Airways has 104 economy seats on its A380's upper deck, which most other airlines typically reserve for business class. The upper deck is arranged in a 2-4-2 configuration in economy, so a ...
Constructed out of aluminium, it was the first airliner to have analogue fly-by-wire flight controls. The airliner had transatlantic range while supercruising at twice the speed of sound for 75% of the distance. [5] Delays and cost overruns increased the programme cost to £1.5–2.1 billion in 1976, (£11–16 billion in 2023).
An example of usability testing is the development of fly-by-wire flight controls. Fly-by-wire flight controls eliminate the mechanical linkages between the flight controls and the aircraft control surfaces. Sensors communicate the demanded flight response and then apply realistic force feedback to the fly-by-wire controls using motors. The ...