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Adversary (cryptography), a malicious entity in cryptography whose aim is to prevent the users of the cryptosystem from achieving their goal; Adversary model, in online algorithms, used to show competitiveness of randomized algorithms; Adversarial alignment, when an adversarial users constructs inputs that bypass AI alignment
How successful an adversary is at breaking a system is measured by its advantage. An adversary's advantage is the difference between the adversary's probability of breaking the system and the probability that the system can be broken by simply guessing. The advantage is specified as a function of the security parameter.
United States foreign adversaries, as formerly defined in the 15 CFR 7.2 and currently defined in 15 CFR 791.2 is "any foreign government or foreign non-government person determined by the Secretary to have engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or security and safety of United States persons".
The oblivious adversary is sometimes referred to as the weak adversary. This adversary knows the algorithm's code, but does not get to know the randomized results of the algorithm. The adaptive online adversary is sometimes called the medium adversary. This adversary must make its own decision before it is allowed to know the decision of the ...
A "random DES instance" means our oracle F computes DES using some key K (which is unknown to the adversary) where K is selected from the 2 56 possible keys with equal probability. We want to compare the DES instance with an idealized 64-bit block cipher, meaning a permutation selected at random from the (2 64 ) ! possible permutations on 64 ...
The adversarial system or adversary system or accusatorial system [1] or accusatory system [2] is a legal system used in the common law countries where two advocates represent their parties' case or position before an impartial person or group of people, usually a judge or jury, who attempt to determine the truth and pass judgment accordingly.
Chaotic cryptology is the application of mathematical chaos theory to the practice of cryptography, the study or techniques used to privately and securely transmit information with the presence of a third-party or adversary.
The German verb ausleihen, the Dutch verb lenen, the Afrikaans verb leen, the Polish verb pożyczyć, the Russian verb одолжить (odolžítʹ), the Finnish verb lainata, and the Esperanto verb prunti can mean either "to lend" or "to borrow", with case, pronouns, and mention of persons making the sense clear.