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Propseg Automatic spinal cord segmentation. [2] The PAM50 template is an anatomical template of the spinal cord that covers the full spinal cord and brainstem and is available for T1-, T2- and T2*-weighted MRI contrasts. The PAM50 template includes probabilistic segmentation of white matter, gray matter, CSF as well as probabilistic atlases of ...
Lumbarization is an anomaly in the spine. It is defined by the nonfusion of the first and second segments of the sacrum. The lumbar spine subsequently appears to have six vertebrae or segments, not five. This sixth lumbar vertebra is known as a transitional vertebra. Conversely the sacrum appears to have only four segments instead of its ...
The three categories treated for types of spinal cord deficiencies are massive fusion of the cervical spine (Type I), the fusion of 1 or 2 vertebrae (Type II), and the presence of thoracic and lumbar spine anomalies in association with type I or type II Klippel–Feil syndrome (Type III). [citation needed]
Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
Congenital scoliosis can be attributed to a malformation of the spine during weeks three to six in utero due to a failure of formation, a failure of segmentation, or a combination of stimuli. [47] Incomplete and abnormal segmentation results in an abnormally shaped vertebra, at times fused to a normal vertebra or unilaterally fused vertebrae ...
The spinal cord and its nerve roots are put back inside the spine and covered with meninges. In addition, a shunt may be surgically installed to provide a continuous drain for the excess cerebrospinal fluid produced in the brain, as happens with hydrocephalus. Shunts most commonly drain into the abdomen or chest wall. [citation needed]
It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2] Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes.
In this type of neural tube defect, the meninges do not herniate through the opening in the spinal canal. [19] The most frequently seen form of spina bifida occulta is when parts of the bones of the spine, called the spinous process, and the neural arch appear abnormal on a radiogram, without involvement of the spinal cord and spinal nerves. [21]