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Ferroboron (CAS Registry Number 11108–67-1) is a ferroalloy of iron and boron with boron content between 17.5 and 20%. [1] It is manufactured either by carbothermic reduction of boric acid in an electric arc furnace together with carbon steel, or by the aluminothermic reduction of boric acid in the presence of iron. [1]
Excess boron is toxic to plants so care must be taken to ensure correct application rate and even coverage. [7] While boron may be sprayed on leaves, excess will cause plant damage. Application of boron may not correct boron deficiency in alkaline soils because even with the addition of boron, it may remain unavailable for plant absorption.
Iron borides can be formed by thermochemically reacting boron rich compounds on an iron surface to form a mixture of iron borides, in a process known as boriding.There are a number of ways of forming boride coatings, including gas boriding, molten salt boriding, and pack boriding. [6]
Boron is added to steel as ferroboron (~12-24% B). As the ferroboron addition lacks protective elements it is usually added after oxygen scavengers have been added. Proprietary additives also exist with oxygen/nitrogen scavengers – one such contains 2% B plus Al, T
Nutrients in the soil are taken up by the plant through its roots, and in particular its root hairs.To be taken up by a plant, a nutrient element must be located near the root surface; however, the supply of nutrients in contact with the root is rapidly depleted within a distance of ca. 2 mm. [14] There are three basic mechanisms whereby nutrient ions dissolved in the soil solution are brought ...
The nickel content of individual Chinese products varied from about 1.6% to as much as 80%, depending upon customer end use. [2] In the United States, the steel industry accounted for virtually all the ferronickel consumed in 2008, with more than 98% used in stainless and heat-resistant steels; no ferronickel was produced in the US in 2008. [2]
Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth and reproduction, plant metabolism and their external supply. In its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle, or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite .
Boron is necessary for plant growth, but an excess of boron is toxic to plants, and occurs particularly in acidic soil. [ 192 ] [ 193 ] It presents as a yellowing from the tip inwards of the oldest leaves and black spots in barley leaves, but it can be confused with other stresses such as magnesium deficiency in other plants.