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Serpiginous choroiditis, also known as geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy (GHPC), is a rare, chronic, progressive, and recurrent bilateral inflammatory disease involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the choriocapillaries, and the choroid. [1] It affects adult men and women equally in the second to seventh decades of life. [2]
Unlike multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, multifocal choroiditis is a chronic disorder and macular scarring contributes to severe visual loss. Theories regarding the cause include an exogenous pathogen sensitizing an individual to antigens within photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, or choroid. [2] [6]
The etiology of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome is currently unknown but two potential origins have been postulated. Gass, et. al. suggests a virus invades retinal photoreceptors through cell-to-cell transmission via either the ora serrata or optic disc margin. [3]
Serpiginous, first known to be used in the 15th century, is a term from Latin serpere (“to creep”), usually referring to a creeping, snakelike or slowly progressive skin disease. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis.Inflammation of these layers can lead to vision-threatening complications.
[4] [5] According to typical descriptions, angioma serpiginosum has an erythematous backdrop with a purple to coppery-red punctate look that clusters together in serpiginous or gyrate patterns. [ 3 ] It is often observed that the illness progresses gradually, starting as little asymptomatic lesions that expand and coalesce with central clearing ...
Toxoplasma chorioretinitis, more simply known as ocular toxoplasmosis, is possibly the most common cause of infections in the back of the eye (posterior segment) worldwide. The causitive agent is Toxoplasma gondii, and in the United States, most cases are acquired congenitally. The most common symptom is decreased visual acuity in one eye.
Punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) is an inflammatory choroiditis which occurs mainly in young women. Symptoms include blurred vision and scotomata. Yellow lesions are mainly present in the posterior pole and are between 100 and 300 micrometres in size. PIC is one of the so-called White Dot Syndromes.