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Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
On a gross level, there is a pear-shaped, symmetric enlargement due to proximal aortic dilation. The aortic wall dilatation at the commissural level causes the cusps to effectively shorten and prevent them from converging during systole, which results in aortic valve incompetence. The arch is typically spared from the aneurysmal process, though ...
Patients with aortic regurgitation will have an early decrescendo diastolic murmur, caused by the blood flowing back through the valve. Since blood’s leaking back from the aorta into the left ventricle, the left ventricular blood volume increases which increases the stroke volume or the amount that the left ventricle pumps out during ...
Aortic valve repair or aortic valve reconstruction is the reconstruction of both form and function of a dysfunctional aortic valve. Most frequently it is used for the treatment of aortic regurgitation. [1] It can also become necessary for the treatment of aortic aneurysm, less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis.
Cor bovinum or cor bovis refers to a massive hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart due to volume overload, usually in earlier times in the context of tertiary syphilis but currently more often due to chronic aortic regurgitation, hypertensive and ischaemic heart disease.
De Musset's sign is a type of rhythmic bobbing of the head in synchrony with the beating of the heart, seen in severe aortic regurgitation. [1]This sign occurs as a result of blood from the aorta regurgitating into the left ventricle due to a defect in the aortic valve.
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common cause of LVOTO. Aortic valve stenosis means the aortic valve has narrowed and is not opening freely. The aortic valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Stenosis here leads to a narrowing of the passage for blood to flow out of the left ventricle, thus a LVOTO.
Aortic valve replacement is also recommended in patients that are asymptomatic but have chronic severe aortic regurgitation and left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 50%. [8] Hypertension is treated in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, with the anti-hypersensives of choice being calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, or ...