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Massive stars also continue to expand as hydrogen shell burning progresses, but they do so at approximately constant luminosity and move horizontally across the HR diagram. In this way they can quickly pass through blue giant, bright blue giant, blue supergiant, and yellow supergiant classes, until they become red supergiants.
By analogy to the red giant branch for low-mass stars, this region is also called the blue giant branch. [2] They are larger than the Sun but smaller than a red supergiant , with surface temperatures of 10,000–50,000 K and luminosities from about 10,000 to a million times that of the Sun.
Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation Orion is a typical blue-white supergiant; the three stars of Orion's Belt are all blue supergiants; Deneb is the brightest star in Cygnus, another blue supergiant; and Delta Cephei (itself the prototype) and Polaris are Cepheid variables and yellow supergiants. Antares and VV Cephei A are red ...
Higher-mass stars leave the main sequence to become blue giants, then bright blue giants, and then blue supergiants, before expanding into red supergiants, although at the very highest masses the giant stage is so brief and narrow that it can hardly be distinguished from a blue supergiant.
Some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Rigel and Antares, are in the list. While supergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes Ia, Iab or Ib, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. [1] Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered supergiants.
Image credits: Ross Burgener Meanwhile, for Dr. Brandon, the most beautiful natural phenomenon is the northern lights, whereas the most fascinating is the diel vertical migration.
Artist's impression of a B-type star The secondary component of the double star Albireo is a B8 main sequence star, the blue contrasting with the cooler yellow giant primary. The revised Yerkes Atlas system (Johnson & Morgan 1953) [ 12 ] listed a dense grid of B-type dwarf spectral standard stars, however not all of these have survived to this ...
The nearest yellow giant, together with Capella A. With a magnitude of 0.08, [ 11 ] the Capella star system is the 6th-brightest star in the night sky. Capella B