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Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. [1] [2] Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas: Leaching
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...
In hydrometallurgy, the object metal is first dissociated from other materials using a chemical reaction, which is then extracted in pure form using electrolysis or precipitation. Finally, electrometallurgy generally involves electrolytic or electrothermal processing .
In the 1950s, pressure hydrometallurgy was developed for the leaching of multiple different metals, such as sulfide concentrates and laterites. [4] Particularly at the Mines Branch in Ottawa (now known as CANMET ), it was demonstrated that pyrrhotite - penthandite concentrate could be treated in autoclaves , with the resulting nickel in a ...
Biohydrometallurgy is used to perform processes involving metals, for example, microbial mining, oil recovery, bioleaching, water-treatment and others. Biohydrometallurgy is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores.
Solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) is a two-stage hydrometallurgical process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from low-grade leach solutions into a solvent containing a chemical that selectively reacts with and binds the copper in the solvent.
Tank and vat leaching involves placing ore, usually after size reduction and classification, into large tanks or vats at ambient operating conditions containing a leaching solution and allowing the valuable material to leach from the ore into solution.
A lixiviant is a chemical used in hydrometallurgy to extract elements from its ore. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] One of the most famous lixiviants is cyanide , which is used in extracting 90% of mined gold . The combination of cyanide and air converts gold particles into a soluble salt.